Lab Manual:
Lab Manual is a must document to have in your hand while performing an experiment in the lab.
Hall Effect : When a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to a current carrying conductor, a voltage is developed across the conductor in the direction perpendicular to both current and magnetic field.The voltage developed is known as Hall Voltage and this effect is called Hall Effect.
Planck's Constant By Photocell : In this experiment students learn about the photoelectric effect and hence determine the value of Planck's Constant 'h'. If light is incident on certain metals, the electrons are emitted. These electrons are known as Photo-electrons and the metal is known as Photo-metal. The emission of electrons by the action of light(Photons) is called Photoelectric Effect.
PN Junction Diode: In a semiconductor there is an energy gap between it's conduction and valence band. For conduction of electricity a certain amount of energy is to be given to the electrons so that it can jump from valence band to conduction band. The energy so needed is the is the measure of the Energy band gap, ΔE, between two bands.
Work Function Of A Diode :While working on the thermionic emission, it was observed that both types of ions (+ve & -ve) are emitted when the pressure inside the valve decreases gradually, the emission of +ve and -ve ions decreases till +ve ions are completely cut off and the -ve ions stabilize to a steady value. It was found that the emission rate per unit area of the emitter is a constant , which depends on the nature of the metal and it's temperature. The work required to extract an electron from metal is known as the work function.
Work Function Of A Diode PDF
Laser Diffraction :When laser light is directed in to a diffraction grating with a line spacing approximately equal to the wavelength of the light, a diffraction pattern can be observed on the screen. A central maximum will be observed with several maxima either side of it. The diffraction grating equation can then be used to calculate the wavelength of the light.
Laser Diffraction PDF
Stewart and Gee's Experiment : To study the variation of magnetic field with distance along the axis of a circular coil carrying current and hence to estimate the radius of the coil.
Stewart And Gee's PDF
Frank and Hertz Experiment : To measure the excitation potential of argon sing the Frank-Hertz method. To verify the atomic systems have discrete energy levels by bombarding electrons and observing the difference in energy levels.
Solar Cell : In this experiment students will aim to study the characteristics of a solar cell. A solar cell or photo-voltaic cell is an electrical device that converts energy of light directly into electricity by the photo-voltaic effect, which is physical and chemical phenomenon.
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